Ontological Theory of Uncertainty (OTU)

Ontological Theory of Uncertainty (OTU) is a foundational ontological research program concerned with the structural conditions under which uncertainty arises, propagates, and constrains coherent systems. It operates at a level prior to probability theory, statistical modeling, or epistemic interpretations of ignorance.

1. Scope

OTU is a research program developed under AstraVerge Research. It does not introduce new probabilistic models, stochastic processes, or forecasting techniques. Instead, it investigates the ontological nature of uncertainty as a property of system structure, rather than as a consequence of incomplete information or limited knowledge.

OTU addresses a foundational gap in contemporary science and engineering, where uncertainty is almost universally represented through probabilistic or statistical formalisms, even in domains where events are unique, non-replicable, and structurally constrained.

2. Core focus

OTU is concerned with the distinction between uncertainty and ignorance. Its central question is:

Under what structural conditions does uncertainty arise as an objective property of a system, independently of prediction, probability, or observer knowledge?

3. Uncertainty without probability

A central thesis of OTU is that probability is not a fundamental property of uncertain systems. Probabilistic representations presuppose repeatability, frequency, or ensemble structure, none of which are available in systems composed of unique, non-replicable events.

OTU treats uncertainty as a consequence of structural multiplicity of admissible configurations, not as a lack of information or a subjective degree of belief. In this sense, uncertainty is ontological rather than epistemic.

4. Structural uncertainty and admissible configurations

In OTU, a system is uncertain if its structure admits multiple, mutually incompatible but ontologically admissible realizations. These realizations are not weighted by likelihood and do not form a probability space.

Uncertainty arises from:

The relevant object of analysis is therefore not a distribution, but the space of admissible configurations defined by system structure.

5. What OTU treats as derived

OTU does not deny the practical usefulness of probabilistic tools, but treats them as secondary representations:

Once the structural source of uncertainty is identified, probabilistic descriptions become optional and non-essential.

6. Uncertainty, risk, and constraint

Within OTU, risk is treated as a structural constraint imposed by uncertainty on system evolution, not as an expected value or probability-weighted outcome.

Risk corresponds to the maximal or limiting configurations that a system must remain coherent under, rather than to averaged or likely scenarios.

7. Relationship to other AstraVerge frameworks

OTU is developed in close conceptual alignment with other AstraVerge research components:

8. Status

OTU is an active foundational research program. Its ontological primitives, formal language, and structural consequences are under development. Domain-specific formulations (e.g., risk, liquidity, economics, infrastructure) are treated as applied extensions of the core theory.

9. Publications

  1. Nekludoff, Alexey A. Liquidity by Uncertainty Model (LUM): Structural Foundations of Liquidity Stability. AstraVerge Research, 2025.